Solar panel | Solar panel act as devices that change sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a device that captures sunlight to produce heat, usually used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural traditions, notable attractions, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a varied landscape of undulating terrain, old castles, and bustling urban centers that combine heritage with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental illumination emitted by the star, vital for life on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a kind of energy generated by the motion of charged particles, primarily electrons. It fuels countless systems and infrastructures, supporting today’s lifestyle and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way flow of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a steady voltage or current, rendering it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into electric power to power various electronic gadgets. It comprises one or more galvanic units, each comprising anode and cathode separated by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight immediately into power using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly power option that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that changes DC produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for household use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and guaranteeing secure, dependable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips direction regularly, typically used in home and industrial power supplies. It enables efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It ensures efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a tool used to determine the extent, amount, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, climate gauges, and pressure gauges that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge facilities that utilize sunlight to generate electricity using numerous solar panels. They provide a green and renewable energy resource, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lowering pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic cells on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated solar energy setup converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar panels that gather solar radiation and convert it into electricity. This power is then beamed to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions store excess electricity generated from green sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy independence and effectiveness. These installations generally use batteries to offer backup energy, lower energy expenses, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar panels chronicles the progress and improvements in solar energy tech from the early discovery of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-performance photovoltaic modules. It features significant milestones, including the development of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have greatly boosted energy conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist by profession renowned for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the basis for comprehending how radiation interacts with specific materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrical engineer and scientist known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US inventor who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work established the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous R&D entity historically associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its crucial role in the production of electronics and solar panels. It is a tough, fragile crystal substance with a bluish-gray shine, mainly utilized as a semi-conductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a little unit installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology enhances system efficiency, enables improved performance monitoring, and boosts energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a device that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to offer a green and renewable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a basic particle that represents a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It has a important role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds convert sunlight directly into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This event is the basic foundation behind solar panel systems, enabling the utilization of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the foundational platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, furnishings, and environmental factors. Both are important considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the identical voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power represents the speed at which electricity is transferred by an electrical network, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. It is generated through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and green energy, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a measure of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, showing the measure of energy movement or conversion. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which causes the movement of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the power per individual charge accessible to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the standard unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and EMF in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per coulomb between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the movement of electricity through a conductor, typically measured in amperes. It is essential for energizing electronic equipment and facilitating the working of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the standard of electric current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the movement of electric charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the level of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and power of power systems to maintain safe and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to protect wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a easy and consistent method of providing electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for recharging and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) from supplies like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for domestic gadgets. It allows the application of regular electrical equipment in environments where only DC power is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack serves as an collection of several individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically align the position of solar panels to follow the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, maximizing solar energy capture. This technology increases the efficiency of solar power gathering by maintaining ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the energy production of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the working point to correspond to the maximum power point of the solar cells. This process ensures the most efficient power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored improving the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a device that tracks and examines the efficiency of photovoltaic panel systems in live, providing useful data on power output and system health. It assists optimize solar power output by detecting faults ahead of time and guaranteeing highest output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many small silicon lattice structures, frequently used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to generate a high-purity, polycrystalline structure fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a continuous lattice arrangement, making it extremely capable for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its consistent formation allows for better charge movement, resulting in better functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a type of film solar method that presents a cost-effective and effective option for massive solar energy generation. They are known as their excellent absorption capability and moderately reduced manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are flexible solar devices that employ a composite compound of copper, indium, Ga, and Se to turn sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their high light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and potential for lightweight, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a disordered molecular configuration, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than ordered silicon. It is often used in solar panels and electronic devices due to its affordability and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and pioneering techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are advanced photovoltaic devices that employ several p-n junctions layered in unison to absorb a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. These are mostly used in space applications and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that convert solar radiation into electric power to operate onboard equipment. Generally lightweight, durable, and designed to operate efficiently in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize lenses or mirrors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technique is ideal for massive solar power plants in areas with clear sunlight, offering a economical option for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and bendable form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in multiple technological fields. These films are important in electronic systems, optical systems, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and affordable energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a layer of material covering fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in dimension, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These films are used in various industries, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision devices used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or depths, generally in machining and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw mechanism that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a thin, round slice of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It acts as the foundational material in the production of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible photovoltaic devices famous for their excellent performance and flexibility, ideal for diverse applications. They use a layered semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight directly into electrical energy with excellent effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a form of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is recognized for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into power using solar panels, offering a green energy source for home, industrial, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and cost-effective way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into power using a light-sensitive dye to take in light and generate electron flow. It offers a affordable and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for lower-cost, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that use carbon-based compounds, to turn solar radiation into electric power. They are lightweight, bendable, and offer the potential for more affordable, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising electronic substance used in thin-film solar modules due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an appealing alternative for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, building exteriors, and fenestration. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to scatter through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a transparent film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building windows to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It improves privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of PV power stations overview various large-scale solar energy plants around the planet, showcasing their output and sites. These plants function a important role in green energy generation and worldwide efforts to cut carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are extensive installations that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as pollution, global warming, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are constantly replenished, such as sunlight, air currents, and water. It offers a sustainable option to fossil fuels, minimizing environmental impact and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, crude oil, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the primary fuels for power production and mobility but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as plumbum, Hg, Cd, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how well a solar panel converts sunlight into usable electrical electricity. Boosting this efficiency is key for maximizing renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This occurrence provided key evidence for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has accelerated rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological progress and reducing prices. This development is revolutionizing the international energy scene by boosting the percentage of sustainable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through instrument that bends light to converge or spread out rays, forming images. It is commonly used in devices like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to control light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It enhances the crispness and brightness of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that their amplitude levels cancel each other out, leading to a diminution or complete elimination of the resultant waveform. This phenomenon generally happens when these waves are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates following a sine wave throughout its cycle, enabling cost-effective transfer over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a tiny component used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar module into AC suitable for household use. It improves system efficiency by maximizing energy production at the module level and streamlines installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric flow cyclically reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in residences and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a category of electrical plug used to deliver DC power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and receptacle that ensure a reliable and dependable attachment for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide safety approval organization that assesses and certifies products to guarantee they meet specific security requirements. It assists consumers and businesses find dependable and secure products through rigorous evaluation and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this setup, the identical current passes through all elements, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This setup allows components to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode serves as a solid-state device that allows current to flow in one way exclusively, acting as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, designed to supply electrical energy for various devices and attachments inside a automobile. It permits users to power electronic electronics or use small devices during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for linking hardware to computing systems, facilitating data transfer and power delivery. It backs a variety of devices such as keypads, mice, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with multiple generations offering faster speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing innovations in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, extending from wireless signals to high-energy photons, featuring diverse lengths and energies. This band is fundamental to many technologies and natural phenomena, allowing communication, medical imaging, and comprehension of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It plays a key role in processes like vitamin D production but can also cause skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on shades of a single hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This design approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to measure the strength of power or power received or emitted over a defined surface, commonly in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the dispersion and transfer of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a substantial mass of air's with fairly even temp and humidity characteristics, deriving from from certain source zones. These air masses impact weather systems and sky states as they move across diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the energy per square kilometer received from the solar source in the form of solar rays. It varies with solar phenomena and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting global climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the collection of debris, and foreign matter on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their performance. Regular cleaning and servicing are important to reduce energy decrease and ensure optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, taken across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, occurs, skipping the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the peak power capacity of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It shows the panel's peak capacity to produce electricity in standard testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to measure the voltage between separate points in a electronic circuit. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a metalloid chemical element essential for plant development and used in multiple industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits special chemical properties that cause it valuable in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a stable and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of using land for both solar energy output and farming, maximizing space and resources. This strategy enhances crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by utilizing albedo mirroring and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a installation that provides shelter while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of numerous solar modules configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is often used in renewable energy systems to produce renewable, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a construction that provides shade and protection from the weather for al fresco areas. It boosts the practicality and look of a terrace, making it a cozy zone for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, usually true north, to the line between an viewer to a target object. It is often used in routing, mapping, and astrophysics to specify the direction of an object in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor substance commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates excellent optical features, making it a common option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies showcases the major manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are essential in promoting solar energy integration and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of power equal to a billion watt, used to assess big electricity output and usage. It is generally associated with generating stations, national grids, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar PV energy solutions, expert in producing thin-film solar cells that offer high efficiency and economical power output. The organization is committed to sustainable energy development and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly linking various components of manufacturing and automated systems to boost efficiency and dependability. It focuses on developing innovative solutions that facilitate seamless communication and cooperation among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese corporation specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar solar goods and services. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives within the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion watts, often utilized to indicate the potential of massively scaled power production or usage. It highlights the vast power magnitude involved in modern power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost reduces as cumulative output grows, due to learning curve and optimization obtained over time. This effect highlights the importance of learned skills in cutting expenses and enhancing efficiency in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems turn sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a clean, green energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy is the same as or lower than the expense of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that sustainable energy technologies are cost-effectively competitive with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the primary electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a grid of power lines, providing a reliable source of energy for various appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is delivered through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the solar radiation using solar cells to convert electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It is a renewable, renewable, and environmentally friendly energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, business, and industrial sites to create clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, offering renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy products features a selection of devices that harness sunlight to generate energy, encouraging eco-friendly and renewable living. These items include covering solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor tools, offering multi-purpose solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a plant that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses or mirrors to focus solar radiation onto highly efficient photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting power output using a smaller area. This technology works well in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides a viable solution to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |