Solar panel | Photovoltaic module serve as instruments that change sunlight into using PV cells. These are an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to produce heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic nation in the UK known for its rich cultural traditions, famous sights, and lively urban areas like the capital. It boasts a mixed landscape of undulating terrain, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that mix heritage with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the organic illumination emitted by the sun, crucial for life on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a type of power due to the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers countless systems and systems, facilitating modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way flow of electric charge, usually produced by batteries, power supplies, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a unit that stores chemical energy and converts it into electric power to operate various digital equipment. It includes several electrochemical units, each housing electrode pairs divided by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) created by solar panels into AC suitable for household use and grid connection. It is essential for optimizing energy use and ensuring safe, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity regularly, generally used in home and industrial power supplies. It enables optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that controls the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It provides optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a device used to determine the dimension, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like rulers, climate gauges, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale facilities that capture sunlight to produce electricity using many solar panels. They offer a green and renewable energy source, cutting down reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic cells on building rooftops to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess power generated from renewable energy or the grid for future use, improving energy independence and effectiveness. These installations typically utilize batteries to offer backup energy, lower energy costs, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar cells documents the progress and improvements in photovoltaic tech from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to current high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It showcases significant innovations, including the creation of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have substantially enhanced energy conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born physicist famous for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His experiments laid the groundwork for understanding how light interacts with particular materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an open-source platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an American inventor who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work formed the basis of modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous research and development organization historically associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, well known for its key role in the manufacturing of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a hard, fragile crystalline solid with a bluish-gray metallic luster, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a little device installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This technology increases system effectiveness, enables improved performance monitoring, and increases power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar cell is a unit that turns sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in solar arrays to supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that delivers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon is a basic particle representing a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a key role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the process by which specific substances turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This event is the fundamental foundation behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the capturing of solar energy for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a thin slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a more affordable price. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as users, furnishings, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components sequentially, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the same voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification is the speed at which electric power flows by an electric circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Produced through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and renewable energy, and fundamental for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a unit of power in the International System of Units, representing the speed of energy movement or conversion. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which causes the stream of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the work per individual charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of electric potential, potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per unit charge between two points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electricity through a conductor, typically measured in amps. It is crucial for powering electronic gadgets and allowing the functioning of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp serves as the measure of electrical current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electric charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and capacity of power systems to guarantee secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a convenient and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is often used for charging and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a unit that changes DC from sources like batteries or solar arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It permits the operation of standard electrical devices in settings where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack is a collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically regulate the position of photovoltaic panels to track the sun movement throughout the daytime, maximizing power intake. This system increases the effectiveness of photovoltaic energy harvesting by maintaining best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the power output of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the performance point to correspond to the maximum power point of the solar panels. This procedure ensures the best performance energy harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that tracks and evaluates the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in live, delivering important data on power output and system condition. It aids optimize solar energy generation by identifying faults promptly and guaranteeing optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in photovoltaic modules to power homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous tiny silicon crystals, commonly used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to create a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure suitable for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a continuous crystal structure, making it very effective for use in solar cells and electronic devices. Its homogeneous structure allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in better performance compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a category of film solar method that offers a affordable and high-performance alternative for massive solar energy production. They are known as their great absorption performance and moderately low manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate photovoltaic devices that employ a layered material of Cu, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their excellent light capturing performance, bendability, and capability for portable, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered atomic arrangement, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are innovative photovoltaic modules that employ various p-n junctions layered in tandem to capture a broader range of the solar spectrum, substantially increasing their efficiency. These are mainly employed in space applications and advanced solar power installations due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that transform sunlight into electrical energy to operate onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metal, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and effectiveness in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ optics or reflectors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This technology is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in zones with clear sunlight, delivering a affordable approach for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the photovoltaic material, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a lightweight, economical alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a fine layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological uses. These films are important in electronic devices, optics, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a layer of material covering a few nanometers to a few microns in dimension, often coated on surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, optics, and medicine, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to depict very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision devices used to exactly measure small distances or widths, commonly in machining and fabrication. They feature a scaled screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a narrow, disk-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the foundation for producing semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the creation of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are flexible photovoltaic devices famous for their high efficiency and bendability, making them suitable for multiple fields. They utilize a stratified semiconductor architecture that converts sunlight directly into electrical energy with outstanding effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into power using photovoltaic cells, providing a green energy source for household, business, and utility-scale applications. They offer a clean, long-lasting, and economical way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that transforms sunlight into electrical energy using a light-reactive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and adaptable alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that employ carbon-based molecules, to turn solar radiation into electrical power. They are compact, flexible, and provide cost-effective, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous electronic substance used in layer solar panels due to its plentiful and non-toxic elements. Its favorable photo-electronic properties make it an attractive substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, outer walls, and windows. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to spread through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a light film to the interior or exterior of automobiles or edifices glazing to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and adds a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of photovoltaic power stations overview various massive solar energy plants around the globe, demonstrating their output and sites. These stations play a vital role in green energy production and worldwide efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are large-scale installations that turn sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in clean energy production, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, air currents, and water. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, reducing environmental harm and promoting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, oil, and methane, are finite resources formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the chief fuels for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and green energy into electrical energy. This process typically occurs in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as lead, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how efficiently a photovoltaic device transforms sunlight into usable electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential for increasing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to speedily determine their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of photovoltaics has quickened rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This development is changing the international energy scene by increasing the percentage of clean solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize PV modules or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through device that bending light to bring together or separate rays, creating images. It is frequently used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to minimize reflections and improve light transmission. It enhances the sharpness and luminosity of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes counteract each other, resulting in a decrease or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This phenomenon usually happens when the waveforms are phase-shifted by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is an electric current that periodically reverses, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes sinusoidally throughout its cycle, permitting cost-effective transfer across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a compact entity used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into AC suitable for household use. It improves system efficiency by optimizing power output at the panel level and streamlines installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage level and electric flow cyclically reverse orientation, enabling efficient transmission over vast spans. It is frequently used in households and factories to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical coupling used to supply DC energy from a power supply to an device. It generally consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that ensure a reliable and dependable connection for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global protection approval organization that assesses and certifies products to ensure they adhere to certain security norms. It assists consumers and businesses identify trustworthy and protected products through strict assessment and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the same electric current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple routes for current flow. This configuration allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a electronic device that allows current to pass in a single direction only, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, created to supply electrical energy for different devices and attachments inside a automobile. It enables users to power electronic gadgets or use small devices while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripherals to computing systems, facilitating data transfer and power supply. It backs a broad spectrum of peripherals such as keypads, pointer devices, external drives, and cell phones, with various versions delivering increased speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing developments in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of EM radiation, ranging from radio signals to high-energy photons, featuring diverse wavelengths and power. This spectrum is fundamental to numerous technological applications and the natural world, enabling signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It has a important role in including vitamin D production but can also cause skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on alterations of a single hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and unity. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a important parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to quantify the intensity of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a specific surface, frequently in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the spread and transfer of power across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of diverse hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is commonly used to illustrate the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a large volume of air's with relatively even temperature and moisture properties, originating from particular source areas. These air masses impact weather systems and sky states as they move across different areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the quantification of the power per square meter received from the Sun in the form of solar rays. It varies with solar activity and Earth's weather systems, influencing climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dust, and impurities on the exterior of solar panels, which decreases their performance. Regular cleaning and care are important to reduce energy decrease and maintain optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when current flow is absent, measured across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, going around the normal load. It poses a considerable safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the highest power capacity of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak ability to produce electricity in typical testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an measuring tool used to determine the voltage between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in PV modules where elevated voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi metallic chemical element necessary for plant growth and applied in different industrial applications, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical properties that cause it valuable in manufacturing robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a robust and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant captures sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic solar panels to produce renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of using land for both solar energy output and agriculture, maximizing space and resources. This method boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that allows for increased efficiency by utilizing albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides shelter while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a assembly of numerous photovoltaic modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to deliver clean, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a structure that provides shade and cover from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It boosts the usability and visual charm of a terrace, making it a cozy space for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line between an viewer to a point of interest. It is frequently used in wayfinding, land measurement, and celestial observation to define the bearing of an object relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic material extensively utilized in thin film solar panels due to its excellent performance and cost efficiency. It exhibits excellent optical characteristics, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An directory of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are essential in promoting solar energy integration and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a unit of power equal to a billion W, used to measure big electricity generation and usage. It is generally associated with power plants, national grids, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar energy solutions, expert in manufacturing thin film solar cells that offer excellent efficiency and low-cost power generation. The company is focused on sustainable energy development and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in smoothly linking various elements of industrial and automated systems to improve productivity and reliability. It aims on developing cutting-edge solutions that promote smooth communication and compatibility among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a top Chinese-based corporation focused on producing and developing photovoltaic photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and green energy projects within the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion watts, often utilized to indicate the ability of massively scaled power generation or consumption. It underscores the vast power scale involved in contemporary power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost drops as cumulative output rises, due to learning curve and efficiencies obtained over time. This phenomenon highlights the significance of accumulated experience in cutting expenses and enhancing efficiency in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This system is a clean, green energy source that helps cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of creating solar or wind energy becomes equal to or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that renewable energy sources are cost-effectively viable with conventional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a system of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the country, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all components of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the sun's rays using PV panels to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It is a renewable, renewable, and eco-conscious power supply that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, corporate, and industrial environments to produce clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered products features a selection of tools that harness sunlight to produce energy, promoting green and sustainable living. These products include everything from solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, providing flexible alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a installation that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses plus mirrors to focus solar radiation onto highly efficient photovoltaic cells, significantly enhancing energy capture from a smaller area. This method is particularly effective where intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to cut expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |