Solar panel | Solar array are instruments that convert sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. They are an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a system that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, space warming, or power generation. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural traditions, notable attractions, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a diverse landscape of gentle slopes, historic forts, and busy metropolitan areas that blend tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the natural radiance emitted by the sun, essential for living organisms on Earth as it provides fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of energy due to the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It fuels innumerable appliances and networks, supporting today’s lifestyle and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a opposite electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction movement of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a steady voltage or current, making it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and changes it into current to run various electronic devices. It comprises several galvanic cells, each housing electrode pairs divided by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that changes DC created by solar panels into AC fit for domestic use and utility connection. It is essential for optimizing energy use and providing reliable, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips direction regularly, typically used in residential and commercial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and harm. It ensures optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to determine the size, quantity, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are massive facilities that utilize sunlight to generate electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic cells on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar energy setup converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This power is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions save excess power generated from renewable energy or the power grid for future use, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions commonly employ batteries to provide backup power, cut down energy costs, and aid grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells tracks the progress and improvements in photovoltaic technology from the initial invention of the solar effect to contemporary advanced photovoltaic modules. It highlights key milestones, including the invention of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous advances that have greatly enhanced energy transformation and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist by profession famous for his innovative work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescent phenomena. His tests laid the groundwork for grasping how illumination interacts with particular substances to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US innovator who developed the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned innovative entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its essential role in the fabrication of electronics and solar modules. It is a hard, brittle solid substance with a steel-gray shine, mainly utilized as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact unit installed on each solar module to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This approach increases system efficiency, enables improved performance oversight, and boosts energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in solar arrays to supply a renewable and renewable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a fundamental particle which represents a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the process by which specific substances turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the core concept behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the capturing of solar energy for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic systems due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use layers of semiconductor materials a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, furnishings, and external influences. Both are critical considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components sequentially, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the identical voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power is the velocity at which electricity flows by an electrical circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Produced through various sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and green energy, and is essential for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a standard of energy conversion in the metric system, showing the speed of energy movement or transformation. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic voltage difference between two points, which drives the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in V and indicates the work per individual charge accessible to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and EMF in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per coulomb between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the movement of electric charge through a conductor, usually measured in amps. It is necessary for powering electronic gadgets and allowing the functioning of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere represents the measure of electric current in the SI units, represented by A. It quantifies the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and size of power systems to guarantee reliable and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to protect wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a reliable and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a simple and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for charging and energizing a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) from sources like cells or solar arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It enables the application of standard electrical devices in settings where only DC power is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack serves as an collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the position of photovoltaic panels to monitor the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, enhancing energy absorption. This system increases the performance of solar energy collection by maintaining optimal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to maximize the power output of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to correspond to the optimal power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure guarantees the most efficient energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a instrument that tracks and analyzes the effectiveness of solar panel systems in real-time, providing useful data on power output and system status. It helps enhance solar energy output by identifying issues promptly and ensuring maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are flexible, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in solar panels to supply energy to homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless small silicon crystals, typically used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its production involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to generate a high-purity, polycrystalline type appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a uniform lattice arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in solar panels and electronic devices. Its uniform formation allows for better electron transfer, resulting in better efficiency compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a category of thin film solar technology that presents a affordable and efficient solution for massive solar energy harvesting. They are known as their excellent absorption performance and relatively low manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are flexible solar devices that utilize a layered compound of copper, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their great light capturing performance, flexibility, and potential for compact, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered molecular configuration, making it more adaptable and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its economic advantage and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic modules that use multiple p-n junctions layered in unison to capture a broader range of the solar spectrum, substantially increasing their efficiency. They are mostly used in space applications and advanced solar power installations due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are essential devices that transform solar radiation into electrical energy to supply onboard systems. Generally lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor known for its excellent electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use optics or mirrors to direct sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is ideal for massive solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, offering a affordable approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a portable, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological fields. These layers are important in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coverings for their special physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a renewable and affordable energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a sheet of material spanning a few nanometers to several micrometers in thickness, often applied to surfaces for purposeful functions. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronics, optics, and healthcare, to modify surface characteristics or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to illustrate very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision gauges used to precisely measure small distances or thicknesses, commonly in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, round segment of silicon crystal used as the platform for producing semiconductor devices. It acts as the basic material in the fabrication of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar modules recognized for their high efficiency and flexibility, making them suitable for various uses. They utilize a stratified semiconductor structure that converts sunlight straight into power with remarkable efficiency in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is known for being affordable and having a relatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert solar energy directly into electricity using solar panels, offering a renewable energy source for home, commercial, and grid applications. They deliver a eco-friendly, renewable, and economical way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and versatile alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the potential for cost-effective, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that use carbon-based compounds, to transform sun's energy into electricity. They are compact, flexible, and provide lower-cost, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous photovoltaic compound used in thin-film solar cells due to its plentiful and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optoelectronic properties make it an desirable alternative for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roof surfaces, facades, and glazing. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a transparent film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building glazing to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, increases energy efficiency, and provides a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations overview various massive solar energy installations around the world, showcasing their output and positions. These stations function a vital role in sustainable energy generation and global efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale installations that convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from natural sources that are constantly replenished, such as solar radiation, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a sustainable alternative to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing environmental harm and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as bituminous coal, petroleum, and methane, are limited reserves formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the primary power sources for power production and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as lead, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance indicates how effectively a solar cell generates sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy production and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This development is transforming the global energy landscape by raising the share of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent component that bends light to bring together or separate rays, producing images. It is commonly used in equipment like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and enhance light passage. It enhances the clarity and brightness of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes negate each other, causing a diminution or full disappearance of the resultant wave. This phenomenon usually happens when the waveforms are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, mainly utilized in power supply systems. Its voltage varies sinusoidally throughout its cycle, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a compact component used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It enhances system efficiency by enhancing power output at the module level and simplifies installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a setup where the voltage and current cyclically reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is generally used in residences and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to supply DC energy from a power source to an device. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that provide a reliable and consistent link for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a international safety certification body that assesses and certifies products to confirm they meet certain safety norms. It supports consumers and companies identify reliable and protected products through rigorous review and analysis processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the constant electric current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, giving multiple channels for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to pass in a single direction only, acting as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12V, intended to deliver electrical energy for different devices and attachments inside a car. It permits users to recharge electronic devices or operate small appliances during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripheral hardware to PCs, enabling data transfer and power delivery. It accommodates a wide range of devices such as input devices, mice, external drives, and smartphones, with different revisions delivering higher speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into electrical energy. Improving this efficiency is essential to increasing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from wireless signals to high-energy photons, featuring different wavelengths and power. This band is essential for a wide array of devices and the natural world, enabling communication, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It plays a key role in processes like vitamin D production but can also cause skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color design based on variations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and connexion. This composition approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining steady color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to measure the magnitude of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a particular surface, frequently in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in grasping the distribution and conveyance of power across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is frequently used to describe the distribution of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large volume of air's with relatively consistent temp and humidity features, deriving from from particular origin areas. These air masses influence weather systems and air states as they move across different regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the intensity per square meter received from the Sun in the type of light. It fluctuates with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of dirt, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar panels, which reduces their performance. Consistent upkeep and servicing are important to reduce energy loss and ensure maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, going around the normal load. It creates a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the highest power output of a solar panel under ideal sunlight conditions. It reflects the panel's peak ability to generate electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the voltage between separate points in a electronic circuit. It is commonly used in numerous electrical and electronic setups to maintain proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion movement within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi-metal element necessary for plant growth and applied in different industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical traits that make it beneficial in manufacturing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a robust and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of using land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, maximizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while at the same time generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are photovoltaic devices designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy output. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides shade while generating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a assembly of numerous solar modules arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is often used in renewable energy systems to produce renewable, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a structure that provides shade and shelter from the conditions for outdoor living spaces. It improves the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a comfortable zone for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a destination. It is frequently used in navigation, land measurement, and celestial observation to define the direction of an target relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor substance widely used in thin film solar cells due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates excellent optical characteristics, making it a popular choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in promoting solar energy integration and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of energy output equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to measure massive energy generation and consumption. It is generally associated with generating stations, national grids, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a global leader in solar power solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin-film solar panels that deliver excellent efficiency and economical power output. The organization is focused on green energy development and cutting down the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly linking various components of factory and automation systems to enhance productivity and dependability. It focuses on developing advanced solutions that enable seamless communication and cooperation among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top China's firm specializing in manufacturing and innovating photovoltaic photovoltaic items and systems. Famous for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often utilized to represent the capacity of massively scaled electricity production or consumption. It highlights the immense power extent involved in modern energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the concept where the cost per unit of production decreases as overall production increases, due to learning and efficiencies obtained over time. This effect highlights the value of learned skills in cutting expenses and improving productivity in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems turn sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, sustainable energy source that helps lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating solar or wind energy is the same as or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that sustainable energy technologies are cost-effectively viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the primary electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a network of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is transmitted through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is absorbed from the solar radiation using solar cells to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It is a green, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, commercial, and factory environments to produce renewable, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar energy goods features a range of tools that harness sunlight to produce energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and renewable living. These solutions include covering solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, delivering versatile alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a facility that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses plus reflectors focusing solar radiation onto highly efficient photovoltaic cells, considerably increasing power output from less space. This approach is highly suitable where direct, strong sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |