Solar panel | Solar array serve as devices that convert sunlight to electricity using solar cells. These are an green and alternative energy source, minimizing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a apparatus that captures sunlight to produce heat, typically used for hot water production or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for water heating systems, indoor heating, or power generation. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural heritage, notable attractions, and vibrant urban areas like the capital. It boasts a mixed terrain of undulating terrain, ancient castles, and lively city hubs that mix history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental illumination emitted by the star, crucial for living organisms on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a type of energy resulting from the movement of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives countless devices and infrastructures, supporting today’s lifestyle and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction stream of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a device that accumulates chemical energy and transforms it into current to run various digital equipment. It comprises multiple electrochemical units, each comprising electrode pairs interposed by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly power option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that changes DC created by solar panels into AC fit for domestic use and grid integration. It is essential for enhancing energy performance and providing reliable, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips direction regularly, generally used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over extended spans and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a device used to ascertain the size, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are massive plants that utilize sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lowering pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves installing photovoltaic panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected solar energy setup transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and generate power. This power is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess energy generated from renewable sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy independence and effectiveness. These systems commonly employ batteries to provide backup energy, cut down energy costs, and aid grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar panels chronicles the advancement and advancements in solar power tech from the initial discovery of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It highlights key innovations, including the invention of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous advances that have substantially improved energy conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born scientist famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His experiments laid the basis for grasping how radiation interacts with particular materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His research formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an American innovator who developed the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work established the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned innovative organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the origin of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and 14, famous for its crucial role in the production of electronics and solar cells. It is a hard, fragile crystal substance with a bluish-gray metallic luster, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little unit installed on each solar module to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method improves system performance, allows for better system tracking, and increases energy production in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a unit that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in solar arrays to supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that provides eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon is a fundamental particle representing a packet of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It serves a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials transform sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the core foundation behind solar panel systems, facilitating the utilization of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the base for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic systems due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as users, furnishings, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power is the speed at which electric power flows by an electric circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Produced through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a unit of energy transfer rate in the metric system, indicating the speed of energy flow or conversion. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which causes the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and indicates the energy per single charge ready to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of electrical potential, electric potential difference, and voltage in the metric system. It measures the voltage per charge unit between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electrical charge through a metal wire, typically measured in amperes. It is crucial for powering electronic gadgets and facilitating the operation of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp serves as the measure of electrical flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It quantifies the movement of electrical charge through a wire over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the level of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and power of power systems to maintain safe and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a simple and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for powering and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a unit that changes DC from inputs like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the use of common electrical appliances in environments where only DC power is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as an collection of multiple individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the orientation of photovoltaic panels to track the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, optimizing energy absorption. This system increases the efficiency of solar energy collection by maintaining best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to optimize the power output of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to match the optimal power point of the solar panels. This procedure provides the most efficient power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that tracks and evaluates the performance of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, delivering useful data on power output and system health. It helps optimize solar power generation by spotting problems ahead of time and ensuring maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, appliances, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of many tiny silicon crystal structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline structure suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a single lattice framework, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronics. Its homogeneous structure allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in higher functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a type of thin-film solar system that provides a economical and effective solution for massive solar energy generation. They are known as their excellent absorption performance and relatively reduced manufacturing expenses in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are flexible solar cells that utilize a composite material of Cu, indium, gallium, and Se to convert sunlight into power efficiently. They are known for their high absorption effectiveness, bendability, and possibility for portable, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous atomic configuration, making it more flexible and easier to deposit than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that use several p-n connections stacked in unison to collect a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. These are mostly used in space satellites and advanced solar power systems due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that generate solar radiation into electricity to operate onboard equipment. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and built for efficient operation in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and effectiveness in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use optics or reflectors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technology is perfect for massive solar power plants in zones with direct sunlight, delivering a cost-effective option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and bendable form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with reliable operation in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in multiple technological uses. These layers are vital in electronic devices, optics, and coverings for their unique physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a sheet of compound spanning a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in thickness, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These layers are used in various industries, including electronics industry, optics, and healthcare, to modify surface characteristics or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision devices used to precisely measure tiny gaps or widths, generally in mechanical engineering and production. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a slender, circular section of silicon crystal used as the substrate for constructing semiconductor devices. It acts as the basic material in the production of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film solar modules famous for their superior output and flexibility, ideal for multiple fields. They employ a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight directly into electricity with remarkable performance in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is known for being economical and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into power using PV cells, providing a green energy source for household, business, and grid applications. They deliver a clean, renewable, and economical way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that turns sunlight into electricity using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with potential for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that utilize organic materials, to convert sun's energy into electrical power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and enable lower-cost, broad solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous electronic substance used in thin-film solar modules due to its plentiful and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an appealing option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, facades, and fenestration. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a thin film to the inside or outside of cars or structures glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations information various extensive solar energy plants around the globe, demonstrating their power and locations. These plants play a important role in sustainable energy generation and worldwide efforts to lower carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are massive systems that convert sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in clean energy production, lessening dependence on coal and oil, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as waste, global warming, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote eco-friendly methods and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a eco-friendly option to fossil fuels, reducing ecological footprint and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and methane, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the main power sources for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose ecological and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and green energy into electricity. This process generally happens in power stations where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how well a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves subjecting products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This development is changing the international energy scene by boosting the portion of renewable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a clear component that bending light to converge or diverge rays, forming images. It is frequently used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It enhances the sharpness and luminosity of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes negate each other, resulting in a diminution or total eradication of the combined wave. This occurrence usually happens when these waves are out of phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that alternates direction, commonly employed in power supply systems. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern over time, allowing effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a compact component used to convert DC from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for home applications. It improves system performance by optimizing power output at the module level and simplifies setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric current cyclically reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over vast spans. It is frequently used in homes and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a category of electrical plug used to provide DC energy from a power source to an electronic device. It generally consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that provide a secure and consistent link for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global protection approval organization that assesses and certifies products to guarantee they adhere to specific security norms. It helps consumers and businesses recognize dependable and safe products through strict review and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this setup, the identical electric current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows devices to operate separately, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode acts as a solid-state device that permits current to move in one sense only, serving as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, designed to supply electrical power for different devices and add-ons within a car. It permits users to power electronic electronics or operate small devices during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripheral hardware to PCs, allowing data transfer and power delivery. It backs a broad spectrum of hardware such as input devices, mouses, external storage, and smartphones, with multiple revisions delivering faster speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into usable energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy production and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing developments in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, ranging from wireless signals to high-energy photons, each with different lengths and energy levels. This spectrum is essential for a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling data exchange, medical imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It plays a important role in such as vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on variations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This design approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a important parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to measure the strength of power or energy flow received or emitted over a particular area, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in understanding the spread and transfer of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of various hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is commonly used to illustrate the spread of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial volume of air with relatively uniform thermal and dampness characteristics, coming from from certain starting areas. These airmass affect weather patterns and sky states as they pass through various zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the quantification of the energy per unit area received from the solar source in the type of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar cycles and Earth's weather systems, impacting global climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the collection of dust, and impurities on the exterior of solar panels, which reduces their efficiency. Regular cleaning and maintenance are necessary to reduce energy decrease and guarantee maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage available from a power source when no current is flowing, measured across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, skipping the normal load. It poses a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a indicator of the maximum power generation of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak capacity to generate electricity in typical testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to measure the electrical potential between separate points in a electronic circuit. It is widely employed in various electrical and electronic applications to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion movement within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi metallic element crucial for plant development and used in multiple industrial applications, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses unique chemical traits that cause it beneficial in creating long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant collects sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It provides an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined method of using land for both solar energy generation and farming, maximizing space and resources. This approach boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, improving overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that enhances performance by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides shelter while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of multiple solar panels designed to produce electricity from sunlight. It is often used in sustainable power systems to generate environmentally friendly, renewable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a construction that provides shade and shelter from the elements for exterior areas. It improves the usability and visual charm of a terrace, making it a comfortable zone for relaxation and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a target object. It is often used in wayfinding, surveying, and astronomy to indicate the direction of an celestial body in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It exhibits superb optical characteristics, making it a popular choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An directory of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are essential in driving solar energy adoption and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a unit of power equal to one billion watts, used to assess large-scale power generation production and utilization. It is generally associated with power plants, power grids, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) power solutions, specializing in producing thin film-based solar modules that offer excellent efficiency and economical power output. The firm is dedicated to green renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly connecting various parts of industrial and automated systems to improve productivity and dependability. It concentrates on developing innovative solutions that facilitate efficient communication and interoperability among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an leading Chinese firm expert in producing and developing solar solar goods and services. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and eco-friendly energy programs within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion watts, often utilized to represent the ability of massive power generation or usage. It emphasizes the immense energy scale involved in current energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the cost per unit of production reduces as total output grows, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies obtained over time. This concept highlights the significance of stored knowledge in reducing costs and improving productivity in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This method is a pure, sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy becomes the same as or less than the expense of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that sustainable energy technologies are financially competitive with conventional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the primary electrical power supplied to homes and businesses through a network of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for numerous appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all elements of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is essential for securing the efficient and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is harnessed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It represents a sustainable, renewable, and planet-friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in domestic, business, and manufacturing environments to create renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of sun-powered products features a selection of tools that harness sunlight to convert energy, encouraging eco-friendly and sustainable living. These items include ranging from solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor equipment, offering flexible alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a plant that converts sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ optical lenses plus mirrors to focus solar radiation onto advanced photovoltaic cells, considerably boosting power output from a smaller area. This technology is particularly effective where intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |